Electrical power transmission.



H. KLEINSGHMIDT. ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 11, 1909.

Patented Aug. 22,1911.

J 1 m l i%% iiji witnesses UNITED taTATES PATENT OFFICE.

HANS KLEINStlI-IMIDT, OF IBERLIN-WILMERSDORF. GERMANY.

ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 22, 1911.

Application filed September 11, 1909. Serial No. 517,228.

' the following is a specification.

This invention relates to dynamo-electrical power transmission and isparticularly applicable to the transmission devices of power supplied bya motor having a constant speed and torque to a load operating atvarying speed and torque, as for instance to the power transmission inmotor vehicles driven by a petrol or benzol engine or the like. It hasalready been proposed to employ for these purposes an electricallyoperating power transmission device comprising a generator driven'by theengine and transforming the mechanical energy into electrical energy,and a motor receiving this electrical energy and transforming it againinto mechanical work.

The object ofthis invention is to provide a power transmission device ofthis kind, which is much simpler and cheaper in construction, ofcomparatively very small weight and proportions and ot a highefliciency. These advantages are obtained by employing two separatemachines of the unipolar type for the transformation of en- ,ergy, insuch a manner as to connect the rotary parts of the generator or primaryma; chine with those of the motor, or secondary machines only in anelectrical way. The combination of the two machines is preferablyeifected by building them immediately together, so. that the statorsform a common casing in the interior of which the rotors revolve withtheir adjacent end faces opposite each other.

The great advantages obtainable by the application of the principle ofunipolar induction in the building of electrical machines are known/ Ithas not, however, been possible heretofore to derive any considerableadvantages for practical purposes from the application of unipolarmachines of primitive construction, since there is no need for the lowvoltage obtainable in such machines at an admissible speed. On the otherhand there must be drawn unusually large currents from such machines tomake the most of their capacity. These conditions, however, are by nomeans unsuitable for the purposes of electrical power transmission at avery small distance. The losses of potential may almost be avoided bybuilding both machines close together, the low.

voltage then is scarcely to be regarded still as a drawback. Thecapacity of the machines may be completely utilized, since great currentintensities are just what is desired owing to the short longitudinalextension of the active armature conductors. Owing to the opportunityadorded by the close connection of the machines, to distribute theworking currents in an absolutely continuous and uniform manner allaround the peripheries, injurious reactions of the working currents onthe magnetic fields with their consequences of losses due to eddycurrents and hysteresis are avoided. As the field structures need not beinterrupted by special conductors for the working currents, the latterbeing conducted by the active material of those structures itself, themagnetic fluxes Will be absolutely uniform, so that also from this sidethe formation of eddy currents is not to be feared.

For the same reason the system of magneticlines of force may have themost favorable form, that is to say, that of a continuous hollow ring.The reduction of the air gaps being not limited owing to the default ofa detrimental armature reaction, the magnetizing currents may be verysmall. The armatures need not be laminated, but may be formed solid ironblocks. The losses due to the friction of the current collectors arereduced to the amount corresponding to the relative speed of the rotors.

The invention will best be understood by reference to the drawings,which shows in side elevation with parts in section a power transmissiondevice constructed according to my invention.

A represents the stator or field structure of the primary or generatorside, A that of the secondary or motor side of the device. Each of thestators consists of an iron or steel band, which are connected with eachother by the means of a copper ring 1 of tral bores of the rotor bodies.

The rotors represent massive cylindrical blocks of iron or steel eachprovided with two radially projecting flanges E E and D D? formingbetween them an annular groove of trapeziform cross section. The

-inner flanges D, D are preferably formed.

of separate rings, which are shrunk upon the adjacent inner ends of thearmature bodies. The annular recesses between the flanges serve toreceive the energizing coils F F for producing the magnetic fluxes andalso two copper rings G G and annular disks H H serving to transmit theworking currents ofthe mechanism between the different parts of themachines, the last named disks also serving to separate the magneticfluxes of both machines. The copper rings G G and the annular copperdisks H H are connected to their proper iron rings D D respectively alsoby casting, galvanizing, welding or soldering in order to obtain a goodelectrical contact.

The one ends of the energizmg coils,

which are covered with annular strips a, i,

. are led through bores 5, 5 in the rotor bodies and in the shafts 6, 6supporting the same, to collector rings 7, 7 secured to, but insulatedfrom said shafts outside of the stator casing. .Brushes 8, 8 slide onthese rings and are electrically connected to the terminals 9 and 10 ofa battery I. A contact arm 11 adapted to be moved over the contact plugsof the elements of this battery is electrically connected with thecopper ring 1.

The whole mechanism may be suspended from the frame of a vehicle or thelike by means of brackets 12, 12, secured to the easing.

The air gaps between the rotors and the casing and between the inner endfaces of the rotors are formed as small as possible. The free end facesof the annular disks H H the cylindrical outer faces of the copper ringsG Gr and the annular parts of the inner faces of the casing oppositesaid cylindrical faces are coated with platinum, or are amalgamated,either directly or after having been first coated with platinum, oranother suitable metal. All the other faces are electrically insulatedby being varnished,

of this machine will cause a current through the adjacent parts of bothmachines along the path indicated by the heavy arrow line,

the mercury being distributed by the centrifugal force equally allaround the amalgamated annular faces and thus forming an intermediaryuniformly distributed conductor between the parts of the machines movingrelatively to each other. In reality the current, of course, will spreadmore than indicated by the arrow and will represent a hollow annularbody extending continuously all around the peripheries of the statorsand rotors. Owing to the absolutely uniform distribution of this current.along the magnetic fields a detrimental reaction upon the latter and inconsequence the formation of eddy currents is impossible, all the moreas also the magnetic fields are absolutely homogeneous. The current willproduce in 'the right hand rotor together with the magnetic flux'of thisside a. torque which will cause this rotor to revolve. The speed ofrotation will increase as long as the electromotive force induced inthis machine will counterbalance that of the primary machine, deductingthe losses of voltage due to the electrical resistances of the course ofcurrent. By altering the intensity of the magnetiza- 'tion either of oneor both machines by means of the controlling arm 11 the degree of thetorques and of the speeds of the two 'machines may be altered asdesired. In particular it is possible to maintain a constant speed ortorque on the primary side at different speeds or torques on thesecondary side, and also to reverse the direction of rotation of thisside at will.

- The mercury need not completely fill the spaces within the casing asit will be thrown by the centrifugal force outwardly to the currenttransmitting faces. Instead of meronly, other liquids, or solid bodiesmay be used as current transmitting means, provided that they can beuniformly distributed around the peripheries. The energizing coils mayalso be located within the stators. I have illustrated and describedonly one specific construction of the unipolar machines and of themanner how to combine them, and it is obvious that the construction,

arrangement and combination may be varied as desired. Accordingly I- donot intend to limit myself to the particular constructions, arrangementsand combinations of the parts here shown.

What I claim is:

1. The combination of a plurality of machines of the unipolar'type, eachof the machines having a stator and a rotor, the rotors being movableindependently of each other, means for producing a separate magneticflux within each of said machines and means for electrically connectingthe rotors of said machines for the transmission of power.

2. 'The combinationof a plurality of uniseparatestator and a separaterotor the rotors being movable independently of each other, the statorsbeing fixed relatively to each other, means for producing separatemagnetic fluxes within said machines, and means for electricallyconnecting the rotors of the machines for the transmission of power. I

4. The combination of a plurality of uni polar machines, each machinehaving a separate stator and a separate rotor, the rotors being movableindependently of each other, the stators being built close together,

means for producing separate magnetic fiuxeswithin said machines andmeans for electrically connecting the said rotors for the transmissionof power.

5. In adynamo-electri mission device the combination of a plurality ofunipolar machines, means for electrically connecting said machines andmeans for distributing the working currents of the connected machinesuniformly along their magnet c fluxes.

6. The combination of a plurality of machines of the unipolar type, eachmachine.

comprising afield structure and an armature rotatable relatively to saidfield-structure, said armatures being freely movable relatively to eachother and themselves forming the conductors for the workingcurrents,means for producing a separate magnetic flux within each machine andmeans for electrically connecting the rotarypart of said machines forthe transmission of power.

.7. In a dynamo-electrical power transmission device the combination ofa pluof said rotors and stators.

cal power transrality of unipolar machines electrically connected witheach other, each of said machines having a rotor and a stator and meansfor equally distributing the working currents of said machines allaround the peripheries of said rotors. 8. In a dynamo --electrical powertransmission device thecombination of a plurality ofunipolar,machines,adapted to work as a' motor and a generatorrespectively, said machines being electrically connected with each otherand each of them comprising a rotor and a stator, the magnetic materialof said rotors and stators being continuous along theirperipheries andmeans for equally distributing the working currents of said machinesalong the peripheries.

9, In a dynamo-electrical power transmission device the combination of aplurality of unipolar machines, each having a rotor and a stator thebodies of which in their whole peripheral extent forniingthe conductorsfor the working currents of said machines and means for uniformlydistributing saidcurrents along the circumferences 10. In adynamo-electrical power transmission device the combination of agenerator and a motor both of the unipolar type and each ofthem having arotor and a stator, the bodies of which in their whole peripheral extentforming the conductors tor the working currents of said generator andsaid motor, said stators being so con-. nected as to form annularelectrical contact faces, means for leading the working'currents fromsaid rotors to said stators and means for electricallyconnecting saidrotors. 11. The combination of a'generator and.

a motor, both of the unipolar type and each having a rotor and a stator,the bodies of which form the conductors for the working cu'rrent of saidgenerator and said motor. the stators being immediately connected witheach other in an electrical way, means for transmitting theworking-clu'rents' between said rotors and stators and means forelectrically connecting said rotors for the transmission of power.

12. In a dynamo-electrical power transmission device the combination ofa plurality of unipolar machines, each having a rotor and a stator thebodies of which in their .whole peripheral extent forming the conductorsfor the working currents, said stators being electrically connected bymeans of a ring of electrically conducting but nonmagnetic material,means for conducting the working currents in uniform distribution alongthe peripheries from one of said rotors to one of said stators and fromthe other stator to the other rotor andmeans for electrically'connecting said rotors.

13. In a dynamo-electrical power transmission device the combination ofa plural ator and a motor both of the unipolar type and each havingarotor and a stator the lJOdlGS'Of which forming the conductors for 1'5the working .currents, said stators being electrically connected bymeans of a ring oi electrically conducting but non-magnetic material,a'current connector between said rotors and said stators uniformlydistrib- 2O uted along theirperipheries and means for electricallyconnecting said rotors.

15. In a dynamo-electrical power trans; mission device the combinationof a plural{ ity ofunipolar machines each having a re tor and a stator,the bodies of which forming the conductors for the working currents,said stators being connected so asto form annular electrical contactfaces between them, a liquid conductor adapted to spread 80 between saidrotors and said stators and means for electrically connecting saidrotors. I

16. In a dynamo-electrical power transmissiondevice the combination ofa. gener- 85 ator and a motor both of the unipolar type and each havinga rotor and a stator, the. bodies of which forming the conductors forthe working currents, said stators being connected so as to 'i'ormannular electrical con- 40 tact faces between them, means for leadingthe working currents in uniform distribution along the peripheries fromsaid rotors to said stators and vice versa and a circularly arrangedconnector between said rotors connecting them electrically.

I 17. In a dynamo-cleetrical power transmission device the combinationof a generator and a inotor both of the unipolar type and each of themhaving a rotor and a stator, the bodies of which forming the-conductorsfor the working currents, said stators being connected with each otherso as to form annular electrical contact fares be-- tween them, meansfor electrically connect-- ing said rotors 'to said stators uniformlyall around their circumferences anda liquid conductor between saidrotors touching the end faces of them m annular laces and formingamelectrieal connection between 80 thenn 1 18. In a dynamo-electricalpower transmission device the combination of a plurality of unipolarmachines having their field structures built closetogether, the armae5tures being freely rotatable relatively to each other and electricallyconnected and meansfor separating the magnetic fluxes of said fieldstructures from each other.

.19. The combination of a plurality of unipolar machines, each machine"having a rotor anda stator, the stators being fixed one relatively tothe'other, the rotors being movable independently of each other, andmeans for electricallyconnecting the said rotors for 'thetra'nsmissionof power.

20. In a dynamo-electrical power transmission device the combination ofa plural-- ity ofunipolar machines, each having a stator and a rotor,the stators being fixed relatively to each' other, the rotors beingmovable independently of each other, means for electrically connectingboth machines so as to lead the working currents in paths equallydistributed along the magnetic flnxesof said machines. I

21. In a dynamo-electrical power transmitting mechanism the combinationof a plurality of unipolar machine's, comprising adjacent annularstators forniinga common casing, rotors adapted to rotate within saidcasing-adjacent to each other, the adjacent end-faces of said statorsbeing connected so as to form annular electrical contactfaces, means forproducing ditferent magnetic fluxes in said maehines,the' bodies of saidrotors and stators being adapted to serve in their wholeperipheralextent as conductors tor the currents induced by the relative motionbetween said stators and said rotors, means for equally connecting saidrotors and stators in annular faces and means for electricallyconnecting the opposite 1 end faces of said rotors.

22. In a dynamo-electrical power'transmit-ting device the combination ofa plurality of unipolar machines, comprising adjacent annular fieldstructures and armatures adapted to rotate within said structures, theformer being connected to each other by means of a ring of electricallyconducting but non-magnetic material, two covers attached to the outerendsof said annular structures thus forming a closed casing inclosingsaid arma ures, hearings in said cov ers supporting the respectivearmatures, separate magnetizing coils for producing two differentfluxeswithin saicbfield structures and said armatures, means for elecannularelectrical contact faces, separate magnetizing coils for producingditl'erent fluxes in said stators and rotors, covers attached to theopposite outer end faces of said stators thus forming a closed casingcontaining said rotors, bearings in said covers supporting said rotors,a liquid conductor within said casing and means for spreading saidliquid conductor so as to form annular electrical connectors betweensaid stators and said rotors and between the rotors.

24. In a dynamo-electrical power transmitting mechanism the combinationof (1 plurality of unipolar machines, comprising an annular casingconsisting of iron rings connected at their end faces by inter-posing aring of electrically conducting but nonmagnetic material and uniting thecontact 'faces in a metallic way, cylindrical iron electricallyconnecting the adjacent ends of said blocks in annular faces.

25. In a dynamo-electrical power transmitting dev1ce the combination ofa plurality of unipolar machines, comprising anannular casing consistingof iron rings connected at their end faces by mterposmg a copper ring ofcuneiform section and unit ing the contact faces in a metallic way,cylindrical iron blocks fitting with small play Within said casing andbeing adapted to rotate therein, each of said blocks having a shaftprojecting outwardly, covers attached to the outer ends of saidironrings thus closing the ends of said casing, bearings in said coverssupporting said shafts, magnetizing coils embedded in said blocks, meansfor energizing said coils, a layer of insulating material on the outerfaces of said blocks and on the inner faces of said iron, .rings, saidlayers being interrupted in opposite annular faces of said iron ringsand blocksadjacent to said magnetizing coils and in opposite annularfaces of the inner ends of saidblocks and a liquid conductor within thespaces between said blocks and said iron rings and between each of saidblocks, said liquid conductor mediating the transition of the currentonly in said annular faces.

26. In a dynamo-electrical power transmitting mechanism the combinationof a plurality of unipolar machines comprising,

an annular casing consisting of two continuous iron rings connected attheir end faces by interposing a copper ring of wedgelike section anduniting it to said iron rings in a metallic way, cylindrical iron blocksfitting with small play within said casing and being adapted to rotatetherein, each of said blocks having a shaft projecting outwardly andtworadially projecting flanges forming an annular recess of trapezoid crosssection between them, central bores in said blocks surrounding saidshafts, covers attached to the outer ends of said casing thus closing ittightly, central bushings in said covers projecting inwardly into saidbores, bearings in said bushings supporting said shafts, a magnetizingcoil in each of said recesses, a cuneiform copper ring between each ofsaid coils and the inner side walls of rings and said annular disksbeing soldered,

cast or galvanized to said inner flanges, the .free outer faces of saidcuneiform copper rings, the opposite cylindrical faces of said ironrings and the free end faces of said annular disks being amalgamated,the other faces of said casing and said blocks being insulated, mercurywithin said casing and means for energizing said coils.

27. In a dynamo-electrical power transmission device the combination ofa plurality of unipolar machines, each of said machines having a rotorand .a stator, means for electrically connecting said machines and meansfor equally distributing the working currents all around thecircumference of said rotors.

28. The combination of a plurality of unipolar machines, each machinehaving a rotor and a stator, the magnetic material of the rotors andstators being substantially continuous along their peripheries andforming a closed iron path for the magnetic fluxes interrupted only bythe air-gaps between said rotors and stators, and means for electricallyconnecting the said rotors for the transmission of power.

29. The combination of a plurality of unipolar machines, each machinehaving a rotor and a stator, the magnetic material of said statorsforming the conductors for the outer working-current of said machines,and means for electrically connecting the rotors of said machines forthe transmission of power.

30. In a dynamo-electrical power transmission device the combination ofa plurality of unipolar machines each having a separate rotor and aseparate stator, the bodies of said rotors themselves forming the'cond'uctorsvfor the currents induced in said 'llO their Workingcurrents uniformly along the magnetic fluxes of said machines.

31. In a dynamo-electrical power transmission device the combination ofa plurality of unipolar machines electrically connected with each other,the armature bodies of said machines serving as conductors for theWorking currents and means for leading said currents in pathssubstantially uniformly distributed along the magnetic fluxes 10 of saidmachines.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

HANS KLE INSCHMIDT.

\Vitnesses AUGUST TRAUTMANN, HENRY HASPER.

Copies of "this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byaddressing the Commissioner or Patents, Washington. D. C.

